Python Library To Control Mac

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Jan 20, 2021 Control: Information on the article can be directly read using graphical control. Tab: It contains a text label icon. Top 10 libraries to build a desktop(GUI) applications using python are listed below: Tkinter: Tkinter is a standard and open-source GUI library for Python. About Library module Command-line client Gateway service Who is using it Download License Contact: About OpenOPC OpenOPC for Python is a free, open source OPC (OLE for Process Control) toolkit designed for use with the popular Python programming language. Best Python text editors. By default, Python files (ending in.py) will open in TextEdit, and this won't do. It has a nasty habit of a writing files in non-ASCII format, which messes things up. Feb 06, 2019 The os module is the part of the standard library, or stdlib, within Python 3. This means that it comes with your Python installation, but you still must import it. Write the following code to import the OS module. If you do not know what is a module in Python, then you can check out this Python Module article. First, let's see how we can simulate mouse clicks: import mouse mouse.click('left') mouse.click('right') mouse.click('middle') Copy. Note: It is suggested to run these statements individually in a Python interactive shell such as a jupyter notebook or IPython. Click method does what its name suggests, it sends a click with the given button.

Why SymPy

SymPy is…

  • Free: Licensed under BSD, SymPy is free both as in speech and as in beer.
  • Python-based: SymPy is written entirely in Python and uses Python for its language.
  • Lightweight: SymPy only depends on mpmath, a pure Python library for arbitrary floating point arithmetic, making it easy to use.
  • A library: Beyond use as an interactive tool, SymPy can be embedded in other applications and extended with custom functions.

Projects using SymPy

This is an (incomplete) list of projects that use SymPy. If you use SymPy inyour project, please let us know on our mailinglist, so that we can add yourproject here as well.

  • Cadabra: Tensor algebra and (quantum) field theory system using SymPy for scalar algebra.
  • ChemPy: A package useful for chemistry written in Python.
  • EinsteinPy: A Python package for symbolic and numerical General Relativity.
  • galgebra: Geometric algebra (previously sympy.galgebra).
  • LaTeX Expression project: Easy LaTeX typesetting of algebraic expressions in symbolic form with automatic substitution and result computation).
  • Lcapy: Experimental Python package for teaching linear circuit analysis.
  • OctSymPy: A Symbolic Package for Octave using SymPy.
  • Optlang: A Python package for solving mathematical optimization problems.
  • PyDy: Multibody dynamics in Python.
  • pyneqsys: Solve symbolically defined systems of non-linear equations numerically.
  • pyodesys: Straightforward numerical integration of ODE systems from Python.
  • QMCPACK: Quantum Monte Carlo in C++. Sympy is used to generate reference values for unit tests and some code generation.
  • Quantum Programming in Python: Quantum 1D Simple Harmonic Oscillator and Quantum Mapping Gate.
  • SageMath: Open source mathematics system that includes SymPy.
  • Scikit-fdiff: Finite differences discretization.
  • SfePy: Simple finite elements in Python.
  • Spyder: The Scientific Python Development Environment, a Python equivalent to Rstudio or MATLAB; full SymPy support can be enabled in Spyder's IPython Consoles.
  • Symbolic statistical modeling: Adding statistical operations to complex physical models.
  • yt: Python package for analyzing and visualizing volumetric data (unyt, the yt unit system, uses SymPy).
Author

Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>

Python on a Macintosh running Mac OS X is in principle very similar to Python onany other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional features such asthe IDE and the Package Manager that are worth pointing out.

4.1. Getting and Installing MacPython¶

Mac OS X 10.8 comes with Python 2.7 pre-installed by Apple. If you wish, youare invited to install the most recent version of Python 3 from the Pythonwebsite (https://www.python.org). A current “universal binary” build of Python,which runs natively on the Mac’s new Intel and legacy PPC CPU’s, is availablethere.

What you get after installing is a number of things:

  • A Python3.9 folder in your Applications folder. In hereyou find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of officialPython distributions; and PythonLauncher, which handles double-clicking Pythonscripts from the Finder.

  • A framework /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework, which includes thePython executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your shellpath. To uninstall MacPython, you can simply remove these three things. Asymlink to the Python executable is placed in /usr/local/bin/.

The Apple-provided build of Python is installed in/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework and /usr/bin/python,respectively. You should never modify or delete these, as they areApple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-party software. Remember thatif you choose to install a newer Python version from python.org, you will havetwo different but functional Python installations on your computer, so it willbe important that your paths and usages are consistent with what you want to do.

IDLE includes a help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If youare completely new to Python you should start reading the tutorial introductionin that document.

If you are familiar with Python on other Unix platforms you should read thesection on running Python scripts from the Unix shell.

4.1.1. How to run a Python script¶

Your best way to get started with Python on Mac OS X is through the IDLEintegrated development environment, see section The IDE and use the Help menuwhen the IDE is running.

If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command line or fromthe Finder you first need an editor to create your script. Mac OS X comes with anumber of standard Unix command line editors, vim andemacs among them. If you want a more Mac-like editor,BBEdit or TextWrangler from Bare Bones Software (seehttp://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good choices, as isTextMate (see https://macromates.com/). Other editors includeGvim (http://macvim-dev.github.io/macvim/) and Aquamacs(http://aquamacs.org/).

To run your script from the Terminal window you must make sure that/usr/local/bin is in your shell search path.

To run your script from the Finder you have two options:

  • Drag it to PythonLauncher

  • Select PythonLauncher as the default application to open yourscript (or any .py script) through the finder Info window and double-click it.PythonLauncher has various preferences to control how your script islaunched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one invocation, or useits Preferences menu to change things globally.

4.1.2. Running scripts with a GUI¶

With older versions of Python, there is one Mac OS X quirk that you need to beaware of: programs that talk to the Aqua window manager (in other words,anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way. Use pythonwinstead of python to start such scripts.

With Python 3.9, you can use either python or pythonw.

4.1.3. Configuration¶

Python on OS X honors all standard Unix environment variables such asPYTHONPATH, but setting these variables for programs started from theFinder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your .profile or.cshrc at startup. You need to create a file~/.MacOSX/environment.plist. See Apple’s Technical Document QA1067 fordetails.

For more information on installation Python packages in MacPython, see sectionInstalling Additional Python Packages.

4.2. The IDE¶

MacPython ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A goodintroduction to using IDLE can be found athttp://www.hashcollision.org/hkn/python/idle_intro/index.html.

4.3. Installing Additional Python Packages¶

There are several methods to install additional Python packages:

  • Packages can be installed via the standard Python distutils mode (pythonsetup.pyinstall).

  • Many packages can also be installed via the setuptools extensionor pip wrapper, see https://pip.pypa.io/.

4.4. GUI Programming on the Mac¶

There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with Python.

PyObjC is a Python binding to Apple’s Objective-C/Cocoa framework, which isthe foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on PyObjC isavailable from https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc/.

The standard Python GUI toolkit is tkinter, based on the cross-platformTk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). An Aqua-native version of Tk is bundled with OSX by Apple, and the latest version can be downloaded and installed fromhttps://www.activestate.com; it can also be built from source.

wxPython is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively onMac OS X. Packages and documentation are available from https://www.wxpython.org.

PyQt is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on MacOS X. More information can be found athttps://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro.

4.5. Distributing Python Applications on the Mac¶

The standard tool for deploying standalone Python applications on the Mac ispy2app. More information on installing and using py2app can be foundat http://undefined.org/python/#py2app.

4.6. Other Resources¶

Python

Python Library To Control Mac App

The MacPython mailing list is an excellent support resource for Python users anddevelopers on the Mac:

Python Library To Control Mac Update

Another useful resource is the MacPython wiki: